Depression is a mental health condition characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness and worthlessness. Depression is also known as major depression, major depressive disorder and clinical depression, and it affects both the body and mind.

Symptoms

The majority of depression's symptoms are mental. Sufferers of depression report loss of interest, feeling sad or hopeless, crying for no apparent reason, trouble focusing, irritability, being easily annoyed and having thoughts of suicide. Physical symptoms include difficulty sleeping, unexplained pain and weight loss or gain.

Causes

Depression can be caused by a number of factors. Hormonal imbalances and chemical imbalances that affect neurotransmission can cause depression symptoms, and genetics can put a person at a higher risk for biochemical changes. Environmental causes, like major life changes, can also trigger depression.

Treatments

A combination of medication and psychotherapy is considered to be the most effective treatment course when treating major depression. Medications usually include selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like Prozac or Wellbutrin. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, can be done with a psychologist or licensed clinical social worker.

Prevention

For many people, it is possible to avoid depressive episodes by better controlling their environments and reactions to negative events. Managing stress through sleep, exercise and diet can help prevent depression. And while biochemical causes of depression cannot be avoided, it may be helpful to discuss your family history with your doctor.

Expert Insight

If you suspect you may be suffering from depression, talk to your doctor. She may be able to refer you to counselors and prescribe helpful medications. If you have suicidal thoughts, seek medical attention immediately. Call 911 or a suicide prevention hotline right away if you are contemplating suicide.

Source:

"Depression (major depression)" Mayo Clinic