by 
The Curious Bag
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An improper balance of chemicals in swimming pool water leads to cloudy and potentially harmful water. When maintaining chemical levels, consideration should be given to what the pool is lined with.
Proper chemical balance
Proper levels of pH, total alkalinity and calcium hardness balance the quality of the water.
Maintaining acidity
To keep whitish residue from forming on the pool surface, add an acidic chemical to bring down the pH level. If the pool lining is pitted, mix in a base to bring up the acidic level. Add chemicals until the 7.2 to 7.8 pH level is reached.
Keeping alkalinity level
A good level of alkalinity keeps the pH level stable. Pour acid into the pool until an alkalinity level of 80 to 120 ppm is reached for "gunite" and concrete pools; 125 to 170 ppm for fiberglass and painted pools.
Measuring calcium hardness
The amount of calcium in water determines whether it is "hard" or "soft." The recommended calcium hardness range of 200 to 400 ppm can be reached by adding chemicals or diluting with water.
The end product
Determining balance is a chemical equation called the Langelier Index that considers the pH, temperature, calcium hardness and total alkalinity in the water.
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