ANSWERS: 1
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Same as any optocoupler -- voltage isolation. In many electronics applications you have "Primary side" circuitry and "Secondary side" circuitry. The primary side circuitry is usually connected to the power grid and controls devices that couple power (usually through a transformer) to the secondary side circuitry. The Primary side circuitry must be able to withstand high voltage spikes, poorly regulated voltage, and interuptions in current flow. The secondary side circuitry requires that there be little or no voltages spikes, tightly regulated voltage, and relatively constant current flow. Optocouplers provide a way to connect a digital signal between these two very different environments without allowing a direct electrical connection. The optical path that connects the two environments has a high breakdown voltage, typically about 5000V.
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