ANSWERS: 3
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The overwhelming majority. If you include early approach as well as final approach, the remainder are almost irrelevant. I have seen surveys, but I haven't down the figures. I would guess more than 95% are in the takeoff, approach, and landing phases. The number in the climb and cruise phases is tiny.
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I agree the most happen during take off and landing. However the new big thing to look out for is runway incurison which is during taxiing on the ground.
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All crashes happen on landing. Stands to reason. Except mid-airs, of course.
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