What is RFID?

RFID tagging is an automatic ID system using small radio frequency identification devices to identify and track people, pets, commercial products, and corporate assets, among other things. An RFID tagging system includes the tag itself, a read/write device, and a host system application for data collection, processing, and transmission. There are almost endless possible uses for RFID tagging. In humans, for example, an injectable ID chip, such as the VeriChip, could be used for secure authentication or to quickly access a person's medical records. Injectable ID chips have been used to track wildlife and livestock for over a decade. Increasingly, RFID tagging is used on consumer goods as an alternative to bar codes. Although more expensive to use than the bar code system, RFID tags don't require an unobstructed line-of-sight between the tag and the reader. Furthermore, RFID codes are long enough for each tag to have a unique ID, so that each individual item can be tracked.
An RFID tag (sometimes called an RFID transponder) consists of a chip, some memory, and an antenna. RFID tags that contain their own power source are known as active tags; those without a power source are known as passive tags. A passive tag is briefly activated by the radio frequency (RF) scan of the reader. The electrical current is small, generally just enough for transmission of an ID number. Active tags have more memory and can be read at greater ranges. Vendors of RFID tags and readers include E.M. Martin, Philips, TagSys, and Texas Instruments.

RFID tagging is somewhat controversial because it makes it possible to gather information without individual knowledge and consent. For example, a person would not necessarily be aware of an RFID tag on a purchase and if that purchase was made with a credit card, the product identifier could be tied in to the individual's credit card information.
Privacy organizations recommend that safeguards are put into place before RFID tagging becomes more widespread.

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