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Are you refering to climatology, meteorology, or oceanography? I'm only familiar with meteorology linticular cloud formations, occluded fronts, various types of fog, etc. High and low pressure zones form from the angle of the sun, planetary rotation, tides and the corriolis effect. This creates movement where warm currents rise and cooler ones descend. Since the planet is moving the currents take on patterns. Clockwise above the equator and counter-clockwise below the equator. Thats why wind shear, direction and velocity are often diverse depending on the part of the world your in and the altitude.
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