ANSWERS: 2
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not for your electric bill but apparently when your turn it on and off the components inside expand and contract because they heat up when in use which contributes towards them wearing out. leaving it on is better for solid state components like CPU, RAM, Mainboard etc. but not for moving parts such as your hard disks or internal fans ive worked as a PC tech for years and have noticed that hard disks in machines that are permanently left of fail faster than normal, also the internal fans become very noisy and irritating after a time then fail which causes overheating problems and possible damage to hardware. this belief was brought about by tube amplifiers which wear out faster when turned on and off a lot, but modern hardware is a lot more resilient to temperature change personally id go for turning it off if your not using it, you'll save electric and your disks and fans will last longer, if the internal components are well cooled it also reduces the expansion and contraction problem so while this rule worked well with tube amps it doesn't really effect modern hardware unless it is poorly built and badly cooled.
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Depends on the type of components and the purpose of the computer. Most home systems are designed to run about 8 hours per day. Servers are designed to run 24 hrs a day. I worked on a server cluster that had run non stop for just over 13 years. We had spare parts for everything because we knew something would fail after shutting it down and bringing it back up. When we brought it back up, two hard drives failed. Also, in my current job, they want us to keep our desktops on so the desktop group can push updates to all systems remotely (we have about 4000 desktops, so there is no other way to do it. The desktops go into sleep mode untill woken up so they don't use much power until used).
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