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Insurance companies us actuary tables, or a collection of facts and figures gathered by surveying the population, to understand what risks are associated with which demographic group. The company can then understand that, for example, a young male who is new to driving a car is more likely to have an accident than an older female in the same type of car. Thus, she gets lower rates offered to her than him. A young woman who smokes is more likely to have complications from cancer than a young man who does not -- so he is offered lower rates. It is not that the company is discriminating against gender as much as they are discriminating against demographics.
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