Posting this three times was not a good idea. However I'll answer your first question as it is the least likely to be deleted as a duplicate. The state name 'Texas' derives from a word in the Caddoan language of the Hasinai: taysha, tecas, or tejas (Spanish spelling); meaning "those who are friends," "friends," or "allies".

The idea that "Tejas" meant "Friends" is great P.R. for the Texas State Dept. of Tourism; however, the more accurate derivation of the name "Texas" is a phonetic evolution of the Comanche word "Teichas", which meant "Eaters"; a common denominating term that was used as part of the name of many Comanche Tribal Divisions that controlled most of what is now the South-Central portion of the U.S... including almost all of present day Texas. The Pe-ich-kas Teichas (Fish Eaters) and the Co-cho Teichas, or Kotsotekas (Buffalo Eaters) were probably among the first Comanches contacted by Coronado in New Mexico and eventually the northern part of today's Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas...all Comanche Territory. The Wichita/Caddoan tribes that Cabeza de Vaca met in East Texas described the land of their "Friends and Allies" to the West as "The Land of the Tayshas" to show their respect to the "Teichas"... as their trading partners and allies against the Osage and other enemies. If this simple understanding of the term is applied to each White Man's written account of their contacts with the Native Americans in the area, and to their interpretations of the word that they understood as "Texas", it becomes hard to believe that the currently "in vogue" idea of a purely Caddoan derivation is so popular. Although almost certainly the word did exist in the Caddoan language... it just didn't mean what the popular opinion would have us think it did. Some of the other Comanche Divisions were the Quohadie Teichas (Antelope Eaters), Penatekas (Honey Eaters) and the Sata Teichas (Dog Eaters) to name a few. Bear in mind that there are any number of linguistic and phonetic spelling variations of the original Comanche word for "Eaters", but the end result is the name "Texas" ... A word, that for all intents and purposes, meant "Comanches" ... and rightfully so, as it was their land that was eventually taken.