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Fevers of various types were possibly the most prevalent kinds of illness. Bilious, or continued fevers, were the most common in newly settled areas. Close behind were malarial- type intermittent fevers like ague. Incidence of both diseases usually declined with the clearing of land and draining of swampy lands, which lowered the number of disease-bearing insects. Such fevers were normally seasonal, like Ague which usually appeared between June and October and could be quite deadly. Other seasonal illnesses such as whooping cough, pleurisy, and consumption also collected a grave toll from both sexes. Complications due to childbirth and even uncomplicated child birth was a major health concern.
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Some of the health risks faced by pioneers were environmental in nature. Women wore long dresses that could become very heavy if they become wet. This could but them at extra risk when crossing rivers along the trail . If they lost their footing, the dresses could pull them under causing them to drown. The trails could also be quite hot putting the people at risk of heat stroke. If a wagon train left too late or was delayed along the trail, then it was in danger getting caught in snow storms before the people reached their destination and had an opportunity to prepare shelter and supplies for the winter.
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