ANSWERS: 4
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Not per se, but you can fast if you want to. You should 'sacrifice' something during the Triduum, and food is as good as anything, but it isn't the only option.
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Church tradition requires that the faithful fast on Good Friday of the Easter Triduum. Guidelines for fasting are as follows: For those over 14 years of age and under 65: -Abstain from eating the flesh of warm-blooded animals. (therefore, fish is OK) -3 meals may be eaten, but 2 of them put together should not equal the amount of food eaten at the 3rd (or largest) meal.
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The Catholic Church requires her members to fast on Good Friday (see exceptions below), and encourages her members to continue this Paschal Fast until the Easter Vigil, but she does not require this prolongation by law. Catholics are also required to keep the Eucharistic Fast every time they receive Holy Communion, including during the Paschal Triduum. When is the Easter Triduum? "The Easter Triduum begins with the evening Mass of the Lord's Supper [on Holy Thursday], reaches its high point in the Easter Vigil, and closes with Evening Prayer on Easter Sunday." (General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar (1969), n. 19) Are Catholics required to fast during the Easter Triduum? The universal Church law for Latin-rite Catholics states: "Abstinence and fasting are to be observed on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday." (Canon 1251) What does fasting mean, as regards this obligation? This is not spelled out in universal law, and it can be further determined by the bishops of a country. The usual interpretation of fasting in the United States is that only one full meal is allowed on days of fast. Two other meals, sufficient to maintain strength, may be taken according to one's need, but together they should not equal another full meal. Eating between meals is not permitted, but liquids are allowed. The obligation does not apply to those whose health or ability to work would be affected seriously. Who is required to observe the fast? "The law of fasting binds those who have attained their majority [this occurs on one's 18th birthday, cf. Can. 97], until the beginning of their sixtieth year [this occurs during one's 59th birthday]." (Canon 1252) So others are completely off the hook? No. "Pastors of souls and parents are to ensure that even those who by reason of their age are not bound by the law of fasting and abstinence, are taught the true meaning of penane." (Canon 1252) What about the rest of the Triduum? "Let the Paschal fast be kept sacred. Let it be celebrated everywhere on Good Friday and, where possible, prolonged throughout Holy Saturday, as a way of coming to the joys of the Sunday of the Resurrection with uplifted and welcoming hearts." (Ceremonial of Bishops, n. 295; see Sacrosanctum Concilium, n. 110) "Vigils and Ember Days, as most now know, no longer oblige to fast and abstinence. However, the liturgical renewal and the deeper appreciation of the joy of the holy days of the Christian year will, we hope, result in a renewed appreciation as to why our forefathers spoke of "a fast before a feast." We impose no fast before any feastday, but we suggest that the devout will find greater Christian joy in the feasts of the liturgical calendar if they freely bind themselves, for their own motives and in their own spirit of piety, to prepare for each Church festival by a day of particular self-denial, penitential prayer, and fasting." (U.S. bishops, On Penance and Abstinence) Of course, the Eucharistic Fast is also to be observed during the Paschal Triduum as at other times of the year (although due to the length of these services, it would be difficult to break this fast): "Whoever is to receive the Most Holy Eucharist is to abstain for at least one hour before Holy Communion from all food and drink, with the sole exception of water and medicine.... The elderly and those who are suffering from some illness, as well as those who care for them, may receive the Most Holy Eucharist even if within the preceding hour they have consumed something." (Canon 919.1 and 919.2) U.S. bishops, On Penance and Abstinence (1966): http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5303 Penitential Practices for Today's Catholics (summary by a U.S. bishops' committee): http://www.usccb.org/dpp/penitential.htm
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Fasting on Good Friday is absolute. And real fasting is, eat a little before sunrise and just water all day until sundown, then eat your first meal for the day.
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