ANSWERS: 1
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There are many methods available to plants to discourage being eaten. They can produce toxins or build physical defenses such as thorns, produce leaves that are not nutricious to animals, produce leaves that are tough to eat or out of the reach. They could even taste bad, bitter or spicy (e.g. chili's). Being eaten is not always a bad thing. They could produce more leaves than are needed to sustain the plant. E.g. you mow your grass every couple weeks but it does not die.
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