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The first year in which Nobel Prizes were awarded was 1901, under the headings of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Literature and Peace. So there are actually 5 answers to your question, unless you are being ultra-specific and want the name of the first person who actually had their name read out and went up on the rostrum to collect their award, in which case I don't know who that was! But it was one of the following five: Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (Physics) Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff (Chemistry) Emil Adolf von Behring (Physiology or Medicine) Sully Prudhomme (Literature) Jean Henry Dunant & Frederic Passy (Peace) You can read more about what these folks actually won their prizes for at http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/1901.html which was my source for this answer.
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