Do those that harvest the trees plant them as well?

Here in Canada the people harvesting the wood are responsible for replanting areas which are logged.

The replanting is paid for by the loggging companies, but the actual planting is contracted out to third parties, and supervised by government agencies and third party professional foresters and silviculturists.

Before logging they must also do archeological surveys of proposed cut blocks, stream classification surveys for Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Forests, pre-harvest silviculture assessments, slope stability assessments, visual impact surveys, land use conflict searches, assessment for wildlife use and use by endangered species.

They must also make detailed plans for leaving strips or areas of old growth timber for wildlife corridors, wild life tree patches, leave any trees which are used by wildlife even within cut blocks, and deactivate roads to recover land where the roads will no longer be used.

After the areas are finished, waste asseement is completed, replanted and salvage crews clean up any wood left over, the areas are surveyed again to insure the trees planted are of the correct species, spaced correctly and in the right number to insure optimal growth.

The trees are left to grow for a while and more surveys are conducted, to determine if there is a need to fertilize the trees, space or prune them, and assess the growth rates or possible infestations of mistletoe, budworm or other parasites.

After the trees are determined to be free growing the land can be returned to MOF for some licenses, or for other licenses the license holder maintains the land throughout the growth cycle right up to harvesting the same area again.

Some of the logging companies in Canada are presently targeting only second growth sites, where they have previously logged and regrown the trees, and in some areas they are even logging the same spot for a third time.

There are, of course, logging activities in old growth timber patches, but this is greatly reduced in the size of the areas permitted, and there are many regulations to insure the yield is sustainable, as well as environmentally responsible, in that it maintains the integrity of wildlife habitat.