The Incas I believe.

The Inca Empire occupied the territory of today Chile only up to El Maule River when the Spanish arrived. There were about 12-14 separate indigenous groups that lived in Chile. Most of these people have disappeared over time either through killings, disease, or inter-marriage. The populations of Chile and Argentina are now predominantly European whereas countries like Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia still have very large native populations. A few groups of Chile's natives have managed to survive. Most Aymaras that today live in Chile lived in the Alto Peru today Puno Peru and Bolivia, but some of their kin live in Chile after Chile took over the land through war. It is still a sore issue between the Bolivia and Chile. The Mapuches live in the southern part of Chile. They successfully fought the Europeans for many years, but have suffered severe losses in recent times. Their lands have been confiscated, and they have been relegated to reservations. They have been treated very similarly to the native Americans in the U.S. The Mapuches are still fighting for their land. While no longer in existence, the first inhabitants of Easter Island are well known because of the giant statues (ahu) they erected. The natives were originally from Polynesia. According to the museum, their culture was typical of Polynesian culture at that time including human sacrifice and ritual cannibalism. Europeans first discovered the island in 1722, and it became part of Chile in 1888. There is a 7 volume set called the "Handbook of South American Indians" by Julian H. Steward that extensively covers this subject. All 7 volumes are available at Amazon.com but are currently out of print with limited availability. It is not easy finding detailed information--in English-- on this subject. Regards.