ANSWERS: 2
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There's probably not a categorical answer here. In general, yes, it is the color of the light as you enter the intersection that governs. There should be enough delay between the red light for your lane and the green light for the intersecting lane for you to clear the intersection. However, if you stepped on the accelerator to get there while it was yellow, then you could be in trouble. The meaning of the yellow light is something like "Come to a stop if you can do so safely.". So, if you're only a few seconds from the intersection (at the speed limit or less) when the light turns yellow, you should be able to continue through the intersection without changing your speed before it turns red. If you're, say, 8 or 10 seconds or more from the intersection, you should be able make a safe, controlled stop (not a panic stop) before you reach the intersection. Of course, this can all vary with "conditions".
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You would have no choice, but to proceed, if you had proceeded this far over a crosswalk, while in motion. backing may not be the answer, if other vehicles are behind you. lets now address your violation of the traffic laws. a yellow traffic light means to slow down and prepare to stop, not try to outrun it. the big white line, on the road, before the traffic signal, is where you stop, not in the crosswalk. if you pass the wide, white line on a red traffic signal, you just ran the red light. glad there was not a pedestrian in the crosswalk.
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