Yes, one example is The Paula Poundstone Show http://www.geocities.com/~mediaworld/TV_HELL1.html

List of television shows canceled after one episode: Australia's Naughtiest Home Videos, 1993 comedy series spun off from Australia's Funniest Home Video Show, hosted by Doug Mulray. This show was actually cancelled during its first episode. Nine Network owner Kerry Packer purportedly personally telephoned the station, telling them to "Get that sh*t off the air". After a commercial break, a re-run of a Cheers episode was aired instead. Co-Ed Fever, 1979 comedy that attempted to imitate the then successful National Lampoon's Animal House. Dot Comedy, 2000 comedy show. Lawless, 1997 Action series starring Brian Bosworth as a private investigator. The Oblongs, 2001 comedy, and a somewhat special case, in that it aired a full season in the United States; but when shown on Australia's Channel Nine in 2003, the network pulled the episode mid-airing, thus arguably qualifying it for this list. South of Sunset, 1993 private detective show starring Glenn Frey. Turn-On, 1969 Comedy/variety show canceled for being too risque. The Will, 2005 reality TV show. You're in the Picture, 1961 game show starring Jackie Gleason; notable in part for Gleason going on the air the next week and saying of the show: "Honesty is the best policy. We had a show last week that laid the biggest bomb! I've seen bombs in my day, but this one made the H-bomb look like a two-inch salute." Reference Link: http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-television-shows-canceled-after-one-episode

"Emily's Reasons Why Not", starring Heather Graham, was cancelled by ABC-TV after one episode in January 2006.

Yes

Yes, many.

I'm pretty sure that "The One", ABC's answer to "American Idol", was cancelled after just one episode this season.

I'm pretty sure that "The One", ABC's answer to "American Idol", was cancelled after just one episode this season.