When a show is shot on location in a real place, like an airport for example, do the producers pay to use it?

There isn't a concrete answer to this, but most of the time they don't pay anything.

When a movie studio wants to use a real setting, they have to take into account a lot of different factors.

First - Is it feasible to shoot the camera angles and scenes that are required in a public place, or is a full-blown set more practical?

Second - Can the studio find a public place (like an airport) where they can shoot for free.

This is pretty common, because the publicity that the airport (or city/store/etc...) gets is worth the disruption of filming. Most large cities also have a "Film Commission" that tries to get studios to film there in order to bring money to the city. A large film may have more than 200 cast and crew members, all spending their time and money in that city - meaning more income for the city and it's merchants.

Plus, the long-term benefits of being involved in a very successful film are worth the risk. Ever been to a location where a memorable scene was shot? If you have, you know that they brag about it and are known for it. They couldn't have bought that kind of exposure with any amount of advertising.

The final word: Most of the time, the film studio can find SOMEWHERE that will let them shoot without charge.

I work as a set dresser and the producer pays a great deal of money to be on location.A large part the expenses in making a movie is in locations.The movie hires people to find locations ahead of time.I worked on the interior of a house used in a set and the owners were paid $2000 a day,and this is a small fee.The use of a whole city street or an airport is well into the hundreds of thousands.Cities and busiinesses welcome film companies,not for expoiser but for big money.For instance if shooting in a retail store,the film would have to offer them not only the rent the store pays everyday but the amount of money they are losing from closing the store to the public.

It depends. There are many permits that need to be got before the cameras can roll, and I'm guessing these permits cost money. Often they are in relation to street parking, the removal of street signs or redoing the front garden of a house used for a exterior shot. The street a friend of mine lives in, was used for a television commercial. I'm fairly sure that each house was paid a small fee for removing their cars for the day. The bigger the movie or the filming location, the more people get involved. Once you have make up, EMT's catering trucks, the police re- directing traffic, un-licenced vehicles, stunt men and women, then insurance companies get involved plus the fans who hear that a shoot is happening, it turns into a circus fairly quickly. Using a outside location that can not be "closed down" turns into a nightmare even faster. An airport shoot would be a good example. In the movie "The Terminal" they built a section of an airport in a movie studio.
In "The Matrix Reloaded" they built a four mile freeway, mainly because of the high speed driving and the number of car crashes written into the storyline. It is interesting to note that The "Dukes of Hazzard" closed off a section of freeway for one of there car jumps. I hope this help answer your question