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Female dogs, depending on their size and breed, come into their first heat anywhere from 5 to 18 months old. This indicates that female dogs did breed during their first heats before the species was domesticated. Even today, some female dogs are able to raise at least one puppy if bred on their first heat, according to Ron Hines, DVM, Ph.D.
Female dogs that breed on their first heat are still growing and may not by strong enough to carry a liter to term or nurse them. Theyalso may abandon their litter out of fear from the pain of labor. Female dogs should be on at least their second heat before being bred, according to "Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook."
It's not worth risking your female dog's health by breeding her on the first heat. Any puppies produced from the mating may not survive because she is too young. Female dog owners should wait until the dog is physically mature, which can be when the dog is on the second or third heat.
"Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook;" Debra M. Eldredge, DVM; et al.; 2007
Breeding and Care of Your Pregnant Dog; Ron Hines, DVM, PhD
PetEducation.com: Age of Sexual Maturity on Dogs
Mar Vista Animal Medical Center: Care of the Pregnant Dog
Best Friends Animal Society: Neonatal Care for Orphaned Puppies
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