What is a remote keyless entry?

First introduced in the 1980's, the remote keyless entry system has become nearly standard on most new cars. While the technology and security features of the system have improved over the years, the convenience and simplicity of the system have remained.

Uses

Remote keyless entry (RKE) systems are most commonly used in automobiles. They are used to unlock or lock car doors and the trunk and disengage or engage the car alarm system. This is the most common use of the RKE system, but it is also used for the garage door, residences and offices.

Technology

Remote keyless entry systems use a circuit board, a coded radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology chip, a battery and a small antenna. The RFID chip uses a code, which alters slightly with each use. The code works with a designated car, and is transmitted to the car's receiver. Approximately one trillion possible code combinations exist on a single car's system.

Security

Even though the remote system uses an encrypted coded electronic system that varies with each use, hackers have devised ways to crack these systems. Hackers could use a laptop to read or "scan" the code used to engage or disengage a car and anticipate the next code in the sequence. They use programs to decrypt the encrypted code and are able to gain access to a car. Similar methods are used on a car's keyless ignition system, which allows the thief the ability to start and operate the car.

Other keyless systems

In addition to the keyless entry system, other functions are now being modified to start using similar technology. Keyless immobilizer systems read a low frequency signal emitted by the key-chain fob or key head. Unless the correct code is transmitted, the system prevents the fuel pump from operating, which makes the engine run out of fuel very quickly, as an additional theft security measure. Keyless ignition systems are also available, which allow the car to start at the push of a button.

The Future of RKE in Cars

In the future, cars may widely employ the use of Passive Go (PG) systems where the driver needs a key to open the car door, but not to start the car, and Passive Entry Go (PEG) systems, where a key is not used for either of these actions. As the costs to integrate these systems into cars decreases, the use of them will increase.

Myth

It has been rumored that if you lost your key or locked it inside the car you could have someone at home or in another location use a spare key fob to transmit the RKE signal over a cell phone and this would unlock the car. According to Snopes.com, this is false.

Source:

New York Times: How It Works: Remote Keyless Entry: Staying a Step Ahead of Car Thieves

CNET: Gone in 60 seconds--the high-tech version

EarthTimes: Strategy Analytics: Automotive Passive Entry Challenges RKE, Remote Keyless Entry

More Information:

Snopes: Cell Phone Unlocks Keyless Car