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  • Bone density tests determine your potential risk of developing osteoporosis and monitor whether you have already developed the condition. Test results are based on standard deviations of T-scores and Z-scores that are graphed on a color-coded bell-shaped curve.

    T-Scores

    T-scores are expressed in units, or standard deviations, showing your bone density compared to the norm for a healthy young adult, explains MayoClinic.com. T-scores may be arranged within gender and ethnic groups, such as Hispanic women and Asian men. Scores can differ for an individual depending on the bones being tested, such as spine, hip or ankle.

    Z-Scores

    Z-scores are the number of standard deviations below average within a specific age group. They can also differ by individual for specific bones.

    Normal Reading

    A normal T-score reading is indicated by a score better than -1 on the T-score bell curve, and it's displayed within a color area of rich blue. This means that a person is at low fracture risk.

    Osteopenia

    A T-score reading between -1 and -2.5 on the T-score bell curve, indicative of the presence of osteopenia, is displayed within a color range of blue-green. Osteopenia is often considered a precursor to osteoporosis.

    Osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis, indicated with a T-score of less than -2.5, is within the color range of green. Osteoporosis is a bone disease with an increased risk of fractures.

    Source:

    MayoClinic.com: Bone Density Test Results

    National Osteoporosis Foundation: BMD Testing

    University of Washington: Osteoporosis and Bone Density

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