Gardnerella vaginalis and Gardnerella mobiluncus are two bacteria linked to the vaginal infection called bacterial vaginosis. The causes of this condition are not fully understood, but appear related to imbalances in the vagina's natural bacterial ecology.

The Facts

Gardnerella vaginalis and Gardnerella mobiluncus commonly inhabit the vagina, along with other potentially harmful bacteria, according to the Urology Channel. Typically, the influence of "good" bacteria such as Lactobacillus---which control the vagina's normal pH (alkaline/acid) balance---keeps these dangerous inhabitants in check.

Causes

Decreases in the number of beneficial bacteria can trigger an increase in Gardnerella and other unwanted bacteria, leading to the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. Potential causes of the destruction of beneficial bacteria include use of antibiotics, contraceptive sponges, intrauterine devices or diaphragms.

Sexual Intercourse

Bacterial vaginosis has gained an association with sexual intercourse, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discuss the condition in the context of sexually transmitted diseases. However, sexually inactive individuals may also develop bacterial vaginosis.

Treatment

Cases of bacterial vaginosis may clear on their own, but the CDC recommends antibiotic treatment to avoid potential complications.

Significance

Bacterial vaginosis may create an increased risk for development of female infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature birth and low birth weight.

Source:

Urology Channel: Bacterial Vaginosis - Overview

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Bacterial Vaginosis - CDC Fact Sheet

American Academy of Family Physicians: Bacterial Vaginosis