Infantile scoliosis--commonly referred to as early-onset scoliosis--appears before age five. It is characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, either to the right or left. Treatment will depend on the severity of the curvature.

Considerations

A majority of cases improve on their own without ever needing treatment, according to Dr. Ronald Moskovich, an orthopedic surgeon and spine specialist writing for the National Scoliosis Foundation website.

Observation

If spinal curvature measures less than 15 to 20 degrees, doctors often choose to observe the curvature over time to see if it gets worse. Typically, the doctor will examine the spine every four to six months, according to the Emedicine, a clinical reference database for physicians.

Cast

If a curve progresses past 15 to 20 degrees, the child will wear a plaster cast to prevent the curve from getting worse. The child will get a new cast as he grows---typically every three to four months. The cast stays on the child for 23.5 hours a day (removed only during swimming and exercise) until his spine matures fully. This treatment proves successful in 90 percent of cases, according to Dr. Moskovich.

Surgery

If a cast does not work, surgery is usually required. Ideally, surgeons prefer waiting till the child is older, preferably around the age of ten. But if the curve is progressing rapidly, the doctor could recommend surgery on a younger child.

Importance of Treatment

Neglecting to treat more extensive curvatures can lead to a 40 percent progression in only a few months. Curvatures of this magnitude can shrink the size of the chest cavity, leading to chronic breathing problems.

Source:

National Scoliosis Foundation

Emedicine