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Bipolar affective disorder (or simply bipolar disorder) is characterized by stages of high energy (mania) and depression. The ultimate cause of the condition is unknown, although several contributing factors have been identified.
Mood
Changes in the area of the brain that control mood contribute to bipolar disorder, according to the National Institutes of Health's Medline Plus. The Mayo Clinic reports that better understanding these changes may help understand the root cause of the condition.
Neurotransmitters
An imbalance in brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, which carry messages in the brain, appears to play a large role in bipolar disorder, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Family History
Individuals who have a close relative who has also had bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the condition, according to both Medline Plus and the Mayo Clinic.
Environmental Factors
Some environmental factors influence the development of bipolar disorder, including stress, abuse, loss and other trauma, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Other Factors
Hormonal imbalances and being between the ages of 15 and 25 are also risk factors in bipolar disorder, according to the Mayo Clinic and Medline Plus.
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