Exports from Burma (also known as Myanmar) once accounted for most of the world's supply of rubies. In 2006-07, Myanmar Gem Enterprises reported sales of $300 million, but that figure likely represents only a part of the true amount since much of the ruby trade is smuggled, according to The Associated Press.

Geography

Burmese rubies generally originate from mines in the northern part of the country, specifically the Mogok and Mong Hsu regions.

Varieties

Mogok stones are highly prized and are sometimes known as "pigeon blood" rubies because of their vivid red hue. Mong Hsu rubies, on the other hand, are bluish in color.

Alterations

Mong Hsu rubies are often heat-treated to redden them. This process can create flaws in the stones. American Gemological Laboratories estimates that about 70 percent of Mong Hsu rubies have had these flaws artificially repaired through processes known as flux healing and fracture filling.

Sanctions

Ongoing political instability and human rights issues with Myanmar's dictatorship have created difficulties with export of precious stones from the nation. Sanctions imposed by the United States banned Burmese products in 2003. U.S. congressional action closed loopholes in that legislation with another measure in 2008 that prohibited importation of gemstones with Burmese origin, even those altered, cut or polished elsewhere. Many gem dealers have also been reluctant to deal in the rubies because of the country's human rights record.

Alternatives

Because of Myanmar's troubles, most rubies now come from Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

Source:

Fox News/Associated Press: Myanmar Rubies Have Dealers Seeing Red

The Israeli Diamond Industry: Diamond News

All About Gemstones: Burmese Rubies