Psychoanalysis is one of many current paradigms in psychopathology and therapy. The main assumption of psychoanalysis is that psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts in the individual. Psychoanalysis was originally developed by Sigmund Freud. However, the focus of the paradigm has shifted over the years.

Classical Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud believed that abnormality was due to repressions and unconscious processes that occurred in early childhood. According to the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, Freud demonstrated this in his theory of psychosexuality, in which the libido (sexual energy) of the infant progressively seeks outlet through different body zones (oral, anal, phallic and genital) during the first five to six years of life.

Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theories

Carl Jung and Alfred Adler are some of the many theorists who adapted Freud's ideas in psychoanalytic theory. However, they continued to embrace Freud's main concept that human behavior is influenced by unconscious forces within the psyche.

Major Techniques of Psychoanalysis/Psychoanalytic Therapy

Some of the major techniques used in psychoanalysis are free association, dream analysis, interpretation and analysis of transference.

Modifications in Psychoanalysis/Psychoanalytic Therapy with Time

Some changes in psychoanalysis include ego analysis, brief psychodynamic therapy and interpersonal psychodynamic therapy. Another innovation in psychoanalysis has been to apply the therapy to groups rather than individuals.

Criticisms of Psychoanalysis or Psychoanalytic Therapy

According to the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, many objections have been leveled against traditional psychoanalysis, both for its methodological rigidity and for its lack of theoretical rigor. In Abnormal Psychology, 9th Edition, authors Gerald Davison, John Neale and Ann Kring (2004) stated that Freud conducted no formal research on the causes and treatments of abnormal behavior; rather he believed that the information he obtained from therapy sessions was enough to validate his theory and demonstrate the effectiveness of the therapy.

Source:

"Abnormal Psychology, 9th Edition;" Gerald Davison, John Neale & Ann Kring; 2004

"Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition;" Psychoanalysis; Oct. 1, 2009

More Information:

American Psychoanalytic Association: About Psychoanalysis