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Electronic muscle stimulation (EMS) uses a machine to send small electrical impulses to a specific muscle through special sticky pads, called electrodes, attached to the skin on or around the muscle. The impulses cause the muscle to contract, which can relieve pain or help strengthen the muscle.
The Unit
The most commonly used machine is called a TENS unit, or a "transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator." It consists of a portable battery-operated unit and wires that run from the machine to the electrodes.
How It Feels
The electrical impulses create a tingling sensation on the skin under the electrodes. They are rarely painful unless the muscle is extremely tender, in which case the electrodes can be placed in the surrounding area.
Uses
EMS is most commonly used to relax a muscle spasm, prevent atrophy in an unused muscle and treat conditions caused by stroke, injury or surgery, according to the Food and Drug Administration.
Limitations
EMS therapy is generally only effective at treating localized pain in small areas because the electrical impulse diffuses and loses effectiveness over a wide area.
Risks
EMS machines are considered medical devices and are regulated by the FDA. Using a machine that has not met FDA standards can potentially result in severe burns or electrocution.
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