by 
The Curious Bag
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Depending on the make and model of your car you may have a disc brake or drum brake. However, most brake systems work by using friction to slow the movement of the wheels. Brakes on each wheel are connected to a master cylinder by a series of tubes and hoses that provides brake fluid (hydraulic oil) to the braking surface.
Disk Brakes
Disk brakes channel pressurized fluid from the master chamber into a caliper, which applies pressure to two brake pads. These pads create friction on the disk, or rotor, which is attached to the wheel and slows it down.
Drum Brakes
Drum brakes channel fluid from the master chamber into the center of the wheel chamber. The pressure inside pushes out a series of hinged brake shoes on the outside surface which create friction and slows the rotor.
Antilock Brakes
Antilock brakes, either drum or disc, utilize an electronic antilocking mechanism that automatically pulses hydraulic fluid from the master chamber to the brake system in the event of slamming down the brake pedal.
Shoes and Pads
Brake shoes and pads heat up when applying friction to the rotor. They need to be checked and replaced when worn to remain effective.
Parking Brakes
Parking brakes utilize manual energy, either through a lever or pedal, and provide hydraulic pressure to a single caliper system on the wheel. This piston extends to create friction on the brake pads or shoes and can bypass the automobiles other braking systems.
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