Stomach Acid

GERD results when stomach acid flows from the stomach back up to the esophagus. The acid irritates the esophagus, resulting in a variety of symptoms.

Role of Esophageal Sphincter

The esophageal sphincter (band of muscles) facilitates the passage of food and liquid from the esophagus to the stomach. After these things pass, it tightens and closes up again. Certain things can weaken the muscle, which allows acid to come back through.

Conditions

Certain conditions can trigger the processes that lead to acid reflux, including hiatal hernias, obesity, pregnancy, smoking, diabetes, connective tissue disorders and asthma.

Dietary Triggers

Certain foods can increase acid production and/or weaken the esophageal sphincter, including citrus fruits and drinks, peppermint and spearmint, caffeine in all forms, alcohol, fried foods, high-fat foods, garlic, onions, spicy foods and anything made with tomato.

Reducing Symptoms

In addition to avoiding the above dietary triggers, avoid wearing tight clothes that put pressure on the esophageal sphincter, do not lay down for at least three hours after eating, lose excess weight and consider elevating the head of your bed 6 to 9 inches if you tend to experience reflux in the morning.

Source:

National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse

The Mayo Clinic