The carotid arteries deliver oxygen to the brain. Buildup of cholesterol and fatty substances can narrow these arteries, which can lead to a stroke. In some cases, the arteries may need to be surgically repaired. Two different types of surgeries are available for carotid artery disease.

When Surgery is Necessary

Severely blocked or narrow arteries require surgical intervention. If your carotid artery disease caused a stroke or mini-stroke, you will likely undergo this procedure to prevent another one. You also might undergo surgery before you experience a stroke, if doctors discover severe blockage that might lead to one.

Purpose of Surgery

Surgery aims to remove the buildup that is clogging the artery. This will improve blood flow to the brain, reducing the risk of a stroke.

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)

A carotid endarterectomy (CEA) involves removing the buildup and the damaged portion of the artery. The surgeon then stitches the artery back together. This restores proper blood flow to the brain.

Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS)

This less-invasive procedure inflates a small balloon into the diseased artery to open it up. Surgeons then insert a permanent stent to keep the artery open. This procedure is relatively new, and controversy surrounds its effectiveness.

Considerations

If your doctor is considering surgery because you have already had a stroke, he will weigh the risks and benefits of performing a surgical procedure to open the artery. Factors for consideration include the extent of narrowing, particular symptoms, your age, your general health and any other medical condition you may have.

Source:

MedlinePlus: Carotid artery surgery

WebMD: Carotid Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment