by 
The Curious Bag
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According to the American Cancer Society, many risk factors may increase the chance of developing renal (kidney) cancer, but researchers do not know what causes kidney cells to become cancerous.
Lifestyle
Smoking and obesity both increase the risk of renal cancer (also called renal cell carcinoma).
Toxic Exposure
Exposure to certain substances, such as asbestos, cadmium, some herbicides, benzene and organic solvents, increases the risk for renal cancer.
Genetic Factors
People with the following rare heredity diseases are at high-risk for renal cancer: von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and hereditary renal oncocytoma.
High Blood Pressure
People with high blood pressure are at higher risk for kidney cancer. Some studies suggest that diuretics (used to treat high blood pressure) may be linked to renal cell carcinoma. However, the American Cancer Society notes that it is not clear if the cause is the drugs or the high blood pressure itself.
Other Factors
Advanced kidney disease is a risk factor. Also, about two times more men than women develop renal cancer, and African Americans have a slightly higher rate of renal cell cancer.
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