The rotator cuff consists of several muscles and tendons that form a cover around the top of the upper arm bone. These muscles and tendons hold the bone in place in the shoulder socket and allow the arm to rotate. A partial rotator cuff tear is a tear in the tendons that does not go all the way through.

Cause

Tears can result from injuries. For example, when a person dislocates or fractures their shoulder, a tear in the rotator cuff can occur. Most tears, however, result from over use of these muscles and tendons over a number of years. This type of injury tends to occur most often with people over 40.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a rotator cuff tear include weakness of the muscles around the shoulder; pain when moving the arm; weakness when using the arm; and a crackling sensation from the shoulder. Symptoms may appear suddenly from an injury, or gradually over time from wear and tear.

Diagnosis

The doctor will perform a physical examination of the shoulder, measuring range of motion, strength and tenderness. The doctor will examine the neck to rule out pinched nerves or arteries. The doctor also may order ultrasound and MRI tests to determine the extent of the injury.

Treatment

Most partial tears are treated non-surgically at first. If non-surgical treatment is not successful, then surgery may be needed. Non-surgical treatment includes rest; using a sling; anti-inflammatory medication; steroids; and physical therapy. Surgical treatment will depend on the extent of the injury, but often it is done on an outpatient basis.

Recovery

After surgery, the arm is kept stationary to allow the tear to heal. The recovery time will depend on the severity of the tear. Physical therapy is necessary to regain motion and strength in the shoulder.

Source:

AAOS your orthopaedic connection: Rotator Cuff Tears

eHealth MD: Rotator Cuff Tear

Canadian Orthopeadic Foundation: Rotator Cuff Repair