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The Curious Bag
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Elliptical machines allow you to work out by pedaling, both forward and backward, in a fluid elliptical motion. Some models also exercise your arms. Turning up the resistance increases the difficulty of your workout.
Resistance zero
At resistance zero, the machine provides no resistance against your movement. This allows beginners to get a feel for the machine and the way it moves before adding difficulty.
Low resistance
The first few levels, also called low resistance, require you to exert less energy. You should feel like you are walking up a slight incline and have to push a little harder.
Moderate resistance
Moderate resistance can be used to complete a full cardiovascular workout. This level should feel like bicycling up a slight incline. Using your muscles is necessary, but the resistance is not intense.
Hard resistance
This level of resistance can make you feel as if you are walking through deep sand. It can be difficult and can cause you to reach your target heart rate quickly.
Incline resistance
Some elliptical machines can also increase resistance by adding incline. Incline resistance tilts the pedaling area upward, so you are climbing while exercising.
Switching resistance
You can start your workout on one resistance and switch to another. When switching resistances, keep pedaling.
Source:
Trainer Secrets: Elliptical Trainer Buyer's Guide
Elliptical Trainers Online Guide
More Information:
Mayo Clinic: Target Heart Rate Calculator
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