by 
The Curious Bag
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Factory-set fuel to air mixture ratios in car engines have given way to computer-controlled, constantly monitored fuel/air ratios. An oxygen sensor uses the exhaust-gas temperature to help the engine computer calculate the current fuel/air mixture.
Function
An oxygen sensor gives the engine computer information to calculate and provide the proper fuel/air mixture. A hotter exhaust-gas temperature derives from a mixture containing too little fuel (too lean), while a cooler temperature results from a mixture containing too much fuel (too rich).
Benefits
By always providing the optimum fuel/air mixture, the engine computer helps the engine to run smoothly, produce fewer exhaust emissions and internal engine gunk, and get better fuel economy.
Types
Most oxygen sensors are made of either titanium or zirconium oxide.
Considerations
Oxygen sensors deteriorate with use over time. Typically, an oxygen sensor lasts between 30,000 and 50,000 miles of driving. As the sensor ages, it becomes more sluggish in its response to temperature changes.
Ramifications
When the oxygen sensor no longer responds to changes in exhaust-gas temperature, the engine may suffer a loss of power, rough idle, poor fuel economy or excessive air emissions.
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