Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have become a valuable tool in fighting crime. Upgrades in technology have made the systems easier to use because they are smaller, slimmer and harder to recognize. The system doesn't interfere with the operation of the vehicle and can be placed anywhere out of sight on the vehicle.

Identification

Law enforcement must be investigating a suspect before any tracking can occur. They must also determine whether the investigation warrants a tracking system to be put into place.

Warrants

Depending on the state, a warrant is not always required before a vehicle can be tracked with a GPS. This gray area has been the debate for the past five years in courts across the country. A warrant might be needed to place a device inside the vehicle, but the exterior of the vehicle might not call for a search warrant.

Tracking

Placement of the device, once the proper authorization has been released, is usually done inside the cab of the vehicle or trunk. At certain times, the device can be placed in the electrical system and attached to an external system to power the device.

Gathered Data

The GPS will broadcast its location using a radio or cell phone frequency. This method is called an active tracking device and will assist police with tracking the vehicle in near real time.

Analyzed data

All data that is received from the tracking device will be used in the police investigation. In a passive tracking system, this lets police keep a record of when and where a suspect went, which can be used in court proceedings.

Source:

Land air and sea tracking units

Washington Post

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center