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Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is probably better known as the "bad" cholesterol in your body. Oxidized LDL is that which has been overloaded with oxygen.
Formation
When LDL is exposed to too much oxygen, free radicals are created. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that enter the walls of your arteries.
Arteries
The free radicals created by oxidized LDL specifically enter the inner lining of your arteries (called the endothelium). These major arteries include the carotid and coronary, which are responsible for supplying blood to your body's extremities.
Function
Once the free radicals have entered the artery walls, they attract harmful cells and chemicals, which cause inflammation of the arteries (also known as atherosclerosis), which then allows the buildup of cholesterol and fat within your arteries.
Transformation
As harmful cells and chemicals accumulate, they transform into a thick plaque, which continues to grow thicker within the arteries. This slows blood circulation and can eventually block it completely.
Result
A buildup of oxidized LDL increases your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.
Source:
Biochemical Society Transactions journal: Lipoprotein Oxidation and Atherosclerosis
Chinese Medical and Biological Information presentation: Oxidized ldl and Atherosclerosis
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