Due to its close association with fat and heart disease, cholesterol has long been vilified. However, this waxy substance that is made in the body has several beneficial roles contributing to proper body functions. Among its many contributions is the synthesis of the steroidal and sex hormones. As indicated below, proper cellular function would not be possible without the presence of cholesterol.

Structure

Cholesterol is tantamount to a first responder when cells of the body have been compromised. For example, whenever there is damage to the cells of arterial walls (atherosclerosis) due to high-sugar diets or smoking, cholesterol is the binding agent dispersed to repair the damage.

Permeability

A permeable cell is one that allows free passage of substances into and out of the cell via its membrane. Due to the high potential for foreign bodies to navigate cell membranes, cholesterol functions in most cells to create a semi-permeable membrane. Thus, flow into and out of cells are regulated, due, in large part, to cholesterol.

Transport

Many substances are transported into cells by proteins. It is cholesterol that is integral to stabilizing proteins for transport and other functions including blood clotting, calcium regulation and cellular communication.

Membrane

At higher temperatures, cholesterols aids in keeping the cell membrane more rigid. Membranes tend to be more fluid at lower temperatures due to cholesterol.

Considerations

Myelin sheath is a fatty-substance that protects neurons in order to conduct impulses. Myelin is rich in cholesterol, adding the role of protection and insulation to its myriad functions.

Source:

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Tortora, Gerard and Derrickson, Bryan; 2009

Man's Health Sourcebook, The, Alfred M. Dashe, MD; 1996