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Kidney enlargement, a condition in which the kidneys balloon beyond their normal size, indicates an underlying illness. The General Practice Notebook (GPNotebook) website lists hydronephrosis, polycystic disease, renal cell carcinoma and Wilms' tumor as the disorders most likely to cause the condition.
Diagnosis by Touch
An examining doctor usually cannot feel a person's kidneys, according to Merck, so an enlarged kidney literally stands out during this procedure.
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis, a condition where the kidneys retain excessive urine, can cause kidneys to swell, according to GPNotebook.
Polycystic Disease
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse describes polycystic disease as a genetic disorder that creates fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, causing enlargement as well as organ damage.
Renal Cell Carcinoma
GPNotebook states that renal cell carcinoma forms cancerous tumors and can enlarge the kidneys.
Wilms' Tumor
Children with enlarged kidneys may have a condition known as Wilms' tumor, according to GPN.
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