ANSWERS: 1
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Aperture values are simply ratios of the focal length of the lens and the size of the opening of that lens. The idea is that for example an aperture value of f/4 (i.e. an opening with a diameter that is one quarter the size of the focal length of the lens) will transmit the same amount of light in a given period of time irrespective of the lens (so long as the lens is capable of f/4) or the media behind that lens.
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