Chilies are a fickle crop. New Mexico green chilies are no different, and their name is quite telling. Chilies require a lengthy, warm season to grow, much like they find in New Mexico. If you choose to plant them north where the warm growing season is much shorter, you must use a greenhouse with a controlled temperature to grow the best New Mexico green chilies. These chilies will not grow well in 40-to 60-degree weather, and a cold snap can kill the entire crop. Take extra care in planting and caring for these chilies.

Prepare the Soil

Chilies must be rotated (much like corn and beans) with wheat, barley, oats, corn, alfalfa and cotton to prevent disease and increase productivity, according to New Mexico State University Professors Paul Bosland, Alton Bailey and Donald Cotter. Chilies should not be placed in the same field more than once every three years. The soil should be dry and medium-sandy. Too much water can cause root diseases in the chilies.

Soil Test

If this is the first time you're planting New Mexico green chilies, it is important to have a soil sample taken and analyzed to see what nutrients are needed. This can be done by taking the sample to the nearest university.

Planting Time

Planting chilies in southern New Mexico should take place from March 1 to April 1. Northern parts should start on May 1. Make sure you purchase high-quality seed for the best crop and least chance of disease. Heirloom chilies are usually the best option, and can be found at local supermarkets and sometimes purchased from small online distributors or family growers.

Rows

Rows should be spaced 35 to 40 inches apart. Space each plant 10 to 12 inches apart in the row. This will allow for enough room to grow large chilie plants.

Watering

Because these chilies love the heat, watering should not be as heavey as with other crops. You must watch the chilies carefully, though, as they must be watered the minute you notice them starting to wilt, which usually starts after midday, when the sun is baking the plants.

Source:

New Mexico State University: Growing chilies in New Mexico