by 
The Curious Bag
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Peer-reviewed articles are scholarly articles based on academic research that are criticized and evaluated by individuals in the same field with the same level of education.
Purpose
The purpose of peer-reviewed articles is to maintain a standard of quality in a particular field of study through academic criticism.
Types
Peer-reviewed articles are found in many different fields of study, but are most commonly found in academic and scientific research projects, law and medicine disciplines, and computer software development and accounting practices.
Origin
The first known peer-review occurred in 1665 by Henry Oldenburg at the Royal Society, but present-day peer-reviewed articles are based on "Medical Essays and Observations," which was published in 1731 by the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Internet's Impact
Modern-day technology, especially the widespread use of the internet, has made peer-reviewing a less lengthy process and a more cost-efficient one. It has also increased the number of and diversity of people who receive and review articles.
Considerations
Critics of peer-reviewed articles feel that the system is not suitable for highly original or unique ideas and often cannot detect fraud or stolen ideas.
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