by 
The Curious Bag
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The Dead Sea Scrolls, biblical manuscripts dating from the beginning of the Christian era, were discovered in 1947 near Qumran on the Dead Sea. The scrolls were so well preserved that many scholars initially doubted the scrolls were genuine. The area's climate was the main factor in this preservation.
Aridity
In "The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls," Jodi Magness notes that the area near where the scrolls were found receives only 1 to 2 inches of rain per year.
Temperature
The average temperature in the area varies from about 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 104 degrees Fahrenheit. In the caves where the scrolls were found, the temperature would have stayed more constant.
Stable Climate
According to "Qumran and the Essenes," the current climate is roughly the same as the area's climate 2,000 years ago.
Darkness
The scrolls were sealed in clay jars and hidden in a cave. Since the scrolls were not exposed to light for 2,000 years, the ink aged remarkably well.
Humidity
In his article, "The Future of the Dead Sea Scrolls," John Trever notes that the Qumran cave has a very low level of humidity. He argues that high humidity gradually destroys leather, so low humidity has also been vital in preserving the scrolls.
Source:
Exact-me.org: Dead Sea Regional Climate
"Qumran and the Essenes: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence;" Lena Cansdale; 1997
"The Future of the Qumran Scrolls;" John C. Trever; 1974
Resource:
Loc.gov: Scrolls from the Dead Sea
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