Causes

The beta cells of Langerhans in the pancreas do not respond appropriately when insulin is present. This often occurs when a person ingests too much sugar, which causes an overproduction of insulin. In turn, this causes beta cells to shut down.

Symptoms

People with Type 2 diabetes often experience frequent urination, excessive thirst, chronic fatigue, blurred vision, and itching of the external genitalia.

Treatment

Glycemic control can be achieved by modifying the diabetic's diet with high-fiber (soluble) and high glycemic index carbohydrates. Such foods help slow the absorption of glucose into the body. Also, regular exercise helps the body lower blood sugar levels.

Prevention

Obesity is often the cause of Type 2 diabetes. Staying active and eating a balanced diet low in saturated fat and refined sugars helps prevent the disease from occurring.

Drugs

There are several prescription drugs available for Type 2 diabetes. Biguanide metformin is the most widely used drug. It works by reducing the release of blood glucose from glycogen stores in the liver, and secondarily by provoking an increase in cellular uptake of glucose in body tissues.

Source:

Human Physiology, 8th Ed.; Stuart Ira Fox; 2004.

Resource:

American Diabetes Association