by 
The Curious Bag
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Cylinder heads form the link between your motor's intake manifold and the engine block. These components interface directly with practically every part and vital engine system.
Function
A cylinder heads main job is to cap off the engine cylinders, and to control airflow into and out of the combustion chamber.
Head Casting
A cylinder head's main casting contains the combustion chamber roof, air passages and water passages.
Valves
The bottom of the valves that allow air into and out of the cylinder actually form part of the combustion chamber roof. The valve-stems reach up through the air passages and poke through to the top of the cylinder head.
Valve-Train
The valves are actuated by a series of levers and springs called the valve train.
Camshafts
Overhead Cam Engines (OHC or DOHC) house the camshafts in the cylinder heads, above the valve train. These cams actuate the valves directly via a set of short levers.
Source:
Resource:
Video: Valve Train Tear-down
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