by 
The Curious Bag
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Apples varieties have been specially developed for use in desserts, cider or as fresh produce. Whether sweet or tart, big or small, there are now more than 7,500 different types of apples currently distinguished. Learn to identify what kind of apple tree is growing in your yard.
Apple Appearances
When determining what kind of apple tree you have, look towards the apple itself. Red Delicious are a common apple in North America. The Red Delicious apple is a very deep red and the bottom of the apple has five knobs. The Granny Smith apple is green and round. The Golden Delicious is yellow and bruises easily. Fuji apples were introduced from Japan and are large and dark red with lighter spots. Gala apples are the yellowish-red apples.
Apple Tastes
Red Delicious apples are mildly sweet. Granny Smith apples are crisp and tart. A Golden Delicious apple has softer skin and tastes like a combination between Red Delicious and Granny Smith. Fuji apples are crunchy, sweet and firm. Gala apples are soft to bite into and very juicy.
Apple Harvest
Red Delicious apples ripen in September and are best when harvested in September or October. Golden Delicious are best harvested towards the end of September. Fuji apples will ripen in September but are even better if left until October or November. Gala apples ripen earlier than most, in late July, and are harvested by August.
Source:
http://www.gardeningsite.com/fruit-trees/common-types-of-apples/
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