by 
The Curious Bag
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Personal computers can become slow for many reasons related to software and hardware.
Fragmentation
Hard drives can become fragmented through normal use as files are moved around and changed. The files become scattered across the disk, which increases seek time.
Malware
Viruses and spyware can bog down a computer with malicious code.
Programs
Certain programs can install unneeded extras that slow down the computer. These are usually advertisement-based applications installed by the vendor.
Startup
Programs that auto-start can severely slow down the login process. Windows must take time to sort out the processes of several programs loaded almost simultaneously.
RAM
An insufficient amount of random-access memory can lead to slow access times for programs.
Runaway processes
Runaway processes are programs or drivers that malfunction and use up all of a computer's resources.
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