by 
The Curious Bag
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A brake booster works much like an amplifier. When the brake pedal is pushed, the brake booster creates an immediate force that reacts quicker than normal, causing faster braking time with less effort.
Function
The brake booster uses vacuum or hydraulic pressure between diaphragms to operate and differentiate between control valves, causing springs and pistons to move accordingly.
Features
A typical brake booster features vacuum or hydraulic pressure, a booster body, booster piston and diaphragm, seals, brake fluid, controlling valves, springs to guide the piston and a reaction disc mechanism.
Benefits
A vehicle equipped with a brake booster benefits from less pedal effort, better stop times, increased fuel economy and longer brake wear.
Types
Two types of brake boosters that work with the same principal--vacuum and hydraulic--help improve brake system operation.
History
In 1928, the Pierce-Arrow Car Company utilized the first full production of a vacuum pressurized braking system on a vehicle, according to the Fast Times website. In the late 1980s, GM used electronic hydraulic pressurized braking systems on its vehicles.
Source:
Auto Shop 101: Vacuum Brake Booster
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