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According to the American Cancer Society, there are two types of stage 0 breast cancer: lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Prevention/Solution
Women with LCIS are encouraged to have yearly mammograms and a clinical breast exam, since they are at high risk of developing invasive cancer. After being diagnosed with LCIS, follow-up is important and patients may consider taking breast cancer risk-reducing medicines such as tamoxifen and raloxifene.
Family History
LCIS patients with a strong family history of breast cancer may also consider a bilateral simple mastectomy (removal of both breasts) to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Lumpectomy
Women with DCIS can consider breast-conserving therapy (lumpectomy) or a simple mastectomy. According to the American Cancer Society," lumpectomy without radiation therapy is only an option for certain women who had small areas of low-grade DCIS that was removed with large enough cancer-free surgical margins." However, in most cases, women who have had a lumpectomy require radiation therapy.
Mastectomy
A mastectomy is most likely required if a patient has a large area of DCIS, if DCIS is found in several areas of the breast or if lumpectomy cannot completely remove the DCIS.
Treatment
Patients can treat estrogen receptor-positive DCIS with tamoxifen for five years after surgery to lower their risk of invasive cancer.
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