by 
The Curious Bag
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A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an algorithm designed to verify the integrity of the contents in a drive. It makes sure that a certain piece of raw data was not modified during transfer or isn't corrupt.
History
CRC was invented in 1961. It was not until 1975, however, that use of CRC became practical.
Process
CRC is basically a hash algorithm. It encodes a file's contents into a small series of characters before a transfer. During the transfer, the operating system checks whether each hash of the data matches the original. If there is an error, the transfer is canceled.
Errors
There are two reasons why an error may occur during CRC verification: The hashes do not match (a file was modified while it was transferring), or a certain part of the file is physically inaccessible.
Solutions
If copying to or from removable media such as a CD, ensure that the disk is clean andfree of scratches before transferring data.
Management
CRC is managed by the operating system, if it has such a verification process. Most operating systems come with safety measures against corrupted data; CRC is the most common.
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