Definition

Cerebral palsy is a group of non-progressive neurological disorders, permanently affecting movement and muscle coordination.

Effects

The severity of the cerebral palsy depends on how much of the brain is affected and the corresponding parts of the body. Mild cases might involve muscle weakness in the legs and arms, while severe cases can result in speech impairment and difficulty walking.

Types

There are three main types of cerebral palsy. Spastic, caused by damage to the cerebral cortex, results in stiff, jerky movements. Athetoid, with uncontrolled, erratic movements, is due to damage at the basal ganglia. Ataxic is indicated by tremors and a lack of balance and coordination. It is caused by damage in the cerebellum. Mixed cerebral palsy is a combination of the types.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can clarify which part of the brain is affected. MRI can sometimes detect cerebral palsy in the prenatal stage or in a newborn. Impairment of body functions and paralysis, especially of the arms, can be improved through physical and occupational therapy. Cerebral palsy is not always disabling; supportive treatments, medications and surgery can improve motor and communication skills.

Research

According to the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, researchers are investigating genetic defects responsible for brain malformations and abnormalities that might cause cerebral palsy. Scientists are also studying traumatic events in newborns, such as bleeding, epileptic seizures, and breathing and circulation problems that might lead to brain damage.

Source:

National Institue of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

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Cerebral Palsy--Ask the Doctor